Chromatic aberration is also an interesting topic that relates to this lecture. The idea is that different wavelenghts of light will refract differently and change where the rays focus on the retina. Here is a good photo for describing where blue, green, and red wavelengths will focus (from closer to further away from the lens): https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chromatic-aberration-of-the-eye-Blue-light-is-focused-in-front-of-the-retina-The_fig1_240756977.

It's interesting that the human eye actually behaves a lot like a camera in the sense that images are inverted (and then converted back in the brain). We do mathematical transformations for computer graphics, but it's really cool that our brain does the same thing in near real time. Basically the pinhole camera model!

That's a really neat fun fact to point out @Aditya. In addition, tiny muscles in the iris change the size of the pupil––in which case the pupil and iris act as an adjustable lens of sorts with varying aperture.

I read into the role of the cornea since from this image it seems like the cornea also plays a role in refracting light onto the retina. It turns out that the cornea has 5 layers, one of which is the stroma, which not only gives the cornea mechanical strength but is the main refracting lens of the cornea.

https://www.verywellhealth.com/cornea-definition-3422145